Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many

that were once considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varese (1883-1965)

called thus the "liberation of sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds."

Electronic music, for example―made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and

(5) electronic instruments―may include sounds that in the past would not have been

consdered musical Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated

hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical

composition. But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronic

instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic

(10) sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments.

A brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once; a

pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In

the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved

percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions.

(15) Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instruments

that used to be couriered unconvennonal in Western music―tom-toms, bongos,

slapsticks, maracas―are widelv used.

In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of

Microtones. Non-Western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more

(20) finely than Western music does, thereby producing a greter number of distinct tones,

or micro tones, within the same interval. Composers such as Krzysztof Pmderecki create

sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters―closely spaced tones played

together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of sound has

taken on new importance as well Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed

(25) at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium.

Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations,

recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and

novel ways of arranging notation on the page.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music

B．How sounds are produced electronically

C．How standard musical notation has beer, adapted for nontraditional sounds

D．Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound

Steveland Morris is a household name in America. Ask Steveland Morris and he'll tell you that blindness is not necessarily disabling. Steveland was born prematurely(過早地，不到期地) and totally without sight in 1950s. He became Stevie Wonder—composer, singer, and pianist. The winner of ten Grammy awards, Stevie is widely acclaimed(喝采) for his outstanding contributions to the music world.

As a child, Stevie learned not to think about the things he could not do, but to concentrate on the things that he could do. His parents encouraged him to join his sighted brothers in as many activities as possible. They also helped him to sharpen his sense of hearing, the sense upon which the usually disabled are so dependent.

Because sound was so important to him, Stevie began at an early age to experiment with different kinds of sound. He would bang things together and then imitate the sound with his voice. Often relying on sound for entertainment, he sang, beat on toy drums, played a toy harmonica(口琴), and listened to the radio.

Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments. He first learned to play the drams. He then mastered the harmonica and the piano. He became a member of the junior church choir(唱詩班) and a lead singer. In the evening and on weekends, Stevie would play different instruments and sing popular rhythm and blues tunes on the front porches (走廊)of neighbors' homes.

One of Stevie's sessions was overheard by Ronnie White, a member of a popular singing group called The Miracles. Ronnie immediately recognized Stevie's talent and took him to audition(試聽) for Berry Gordy, the president of Hitsville USA, a large recording company now known as Motown. Stevie recorded his first smash hit "Fingertips" in 1962 at age twelve, and the rest of Stevie's story is music history.

This passage could be entitled ______.

A．The Music World

B．Stevie Wonder

C．Great Musicians

D．Blind People

Text 2

Steveland Morris is a household name in America. Ask Steveland Morris and he'll tell you that blindness is not necessarily disabling. Steveland was born prematurely(過早地，不到期地) and totally without sight in 1950s. He became Stevie Wonder—composer, singer, and pianist. The winner of ten Grammy awards, Stevie is widely acclaimed(喝采) for his outstanding contributions to the music world.

As a child, Stevie learned not to think about the things he could not do, but to concentrate on the things that he could do. His parents encouraged him to join in his sighted brothers as many activities as possible. They also helped him to sharpen his sense of hearing, the sense upon which the usually disabled are so dependent.

Because sound was so important to him, Stevie began at an early age to experiment with different kinds of sound. He would bang things together and then imitate the sound with his voice. Often relying on sound for entertainment, he sang, beat on toy drums, played a toy harmonica (口琴) ,and listened to the radio.

Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments. He first learned to play the drums. He then mastered the harmonica and the piano. He became a member of the junior church choir(唱詩班) and a lead singer. In the evenings and on weekends, Stevie would play different instruments and sing popular rhythm and blues tunes on the front porches (走廊) of neighbors' homes.

One of Stevie's sessions was overheard by Ronnie White, a member of a popular singing group called The Miracles. Ronnie immediately recognized Stevie's talent and took him to audition(試聽) for Berry Gordy, the president of Hitsville USA, a large recording company now known as Motown. Stevie recorded his first smash hit "Fingertips" in 1962 at age twelve, and the rest of Stevie's story is music history.

This passage could be entitled

[A] The Music World

[B] Stevie Wonder

[C] Great Musicians

[D] Blind People

根據下列文章,請回答 26～30 題。

Text 2

Steveland Morris is a household name in America. Ask Steveland Morris and he' 11 tell you that blindness is not necessarily disabling. Steveland was born prematurely (過早地，不到期地) and totally without sight in 1950s. He became Stevie Wonder--composer, singer, and pianist. The winner of ten Grammy awards, Stevie is widely acclaimed(喝彩) for his outstanding contributions to the music world.

As a child, Stevie learned not to think about the things he could not do, but to concentrate on the things that he could do. His parents encouraged him to join in his sighted brothers as many activities as possible. They also helped him to sharpen his sense of hearing, the sense upon which the usually disabled are so dependent.

Because sound was so important to him, Stevie began at an early age to experiment with different kinds of sound. He would bang things together and then imitate the sound with his voice. Often relying on sound for entertainment, he sang, beat on toy drums, played a toy harmonica (口琴), and listened to the radio.

Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments. He first learned to play the drums. He then mastered the harmonica and the piano. He became a member of the junior church choir(唱詩班) and a lead singer. In the evenings and on weekends, Stevie would play different instruments and sing popular rhythm and blues tunes on the front porches (走廊) of neighbors' homes.

One of Stevie' s sessions was overheard by Ronnie White , a member of a popular singing group called The Miracles. Ronnie immediately recognized Stevie' s talent and took him to audition (試聽) for Berry Gordy, the president of Hitsville USA, a large recording company now known as Motown. Stevie recorded his first smash hit

"Fingertips" in 1962 at age twelve, and the rest of Stevie' s story is music history.

第 26 題 This passage could be entitled

A．The Music World

B．Stevie Wonder

C．Great Musicians

D．Blind People

Steveland Morris is a household name in America. Ask Steveland Morris and he'll tell you that blindness is not necessarily disabling. Steveland was born prematurely(過早地，不到期地) and totally without sight in 1950s. He became Stevie Wonder—composer, singer, and pianist. The winner of ten Grammy awards, Stevie is widely acclaimed(喝采) for his outstanding contributions to the music world.

As a child, Stevie learned not to think about the things he could not do, but to concentrate on the things that he could do. His parents encouraged him to join in his sighted brothers as many activities as possible. They also helped him to sharpen his sense of hearing, the sense upon which the usually disabled are so dependent.

Because sound was so important to him, Stevie began at an early age to experiment with different kinds of sound. He would bang things together and then imitate the sound with his voice. Often relying on sound for entertainment, he sang, beat on toy drums, played a toy harmonica (口琴) ,and listened to the radio.

Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments. He first learned to play the drums. He then mastered the harmonica and the piano. He became a member of the junior church choir(唱詩班) and a lead singer. In the evenings and on weekends, Stevie would play different instruments and sing popular rhythm and blues tunes on the front porches (走廊) of neighbors' homes.

One of Stevie's sessions was overheard by Ronnie White, a member of a popular singing group called The Miracles. Ronnie immediately recognized Stevie's talent and took him to audition(試聽) for Berry Gordy, the president of Hitsville USA, a large recording company now known as Motown. Stevie recorded his first smash hit "Fingertips" in 1962 at age twelve, and the rest of Stevie's story is music history.

This passage could be entitled

A．The Music World

B．Stevie Wonder

C．Great Musicians

D．Blind People

根據材料回答下列各題： Steveland Morris is a household name in America. Ask Steveland Morris and he 11 tell you thatblindness is not necessarily disabling. Steveland was born prematurely(過早地, 不到期地) and total-ly without sight in 1950s. He became Stevie Wonder composer, singer, and pianist. The winner often Grammy awards, Stevie is widely acclaimed(喝彩) for his outstanding contributions to the musicworld. As a child, Stevie learned not to think about the things he could not do, but to concentrate onthe things that he could do. His parents encouraged him to join in his sighted brothers as many activi-ties as possible. They also helped him to sharpen his sense of heating, the sense upon which the usu-ally disabled are so dependent. Because sound was so important to him. Stevie began at an early age to experiment with differ-ent kinds of sound. He would bang things together and then imitate the sound with his voice. Oftenrelying on sound for entertainment, he sang, beat on toy drums, played a toy harmonica(口琴) ,andlistened to the radio. Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments. He first learned to play thedrums. He then mastered the harmonica and the piano. He became a member of the junior churchchoir(唱詩班) and a lead singer. In the evenings and on weekends, Stevie would play different in-struments and sing popular rhythm and blues tunes on the front porches (走廊) of neighbors homes.One of Stevie’s sessions was overheard by Ronnie White, a member of a popular singing groupcalled The Miracles. Ronnie immediately recognized Stevie’s talent and took him to audition (試聽)for Berry Gordy, the president of Hitsville USA, a large recording company now known as Motown.Stevie recorded his first smash hit "Fingertips" in 1962 at age twelve, and the rest of Stevie’s story ismusic history. This passage could be entitled________

A.The Music World

B.Stevie Wonder

C.Great Musicians

D.Blind People

Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style. of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket-maker has the skill of weaving and interweaving his materials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter(木匠) has the skill of joining together different shapes and sizes of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may be referred to as" workmanship" (技藝). Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies (旋律) and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good, original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized, that is, if the workmanship is poor, the final result will not be to standard.

Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may be joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings. It may not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly.

Good music will stand the test of time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be" the newer, the better" , the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.

A piece of original music ______.

A．has a personal style

B．sounds very familiar to our ears

C．is one whose style. you cannot recognize

D．can not be recognized as belonging to any composer

聽力原文： Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style. of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket-maker has the skill of weaving his materials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter has the, skill of joining together different shapes and sizes of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may be referred to as "workmanship". Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good and original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized the final result will not be standard. Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may be joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any important feelings at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar. Good music will stand the test of time. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be "the newer the better", the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.

(33)

A．It has a personal style.

B．It sounds very familiar to our ears.

C．It is one whose style. you cannot recognize.

D．It does not belong to any composer.