空間技術研究院的簡介，這一塊需要大家平時多練習積累。

本公司是全球最大最強的冶金建設運營服務商，擁有24萬在職員工，資產規模超7000億元，境外機構、資源項目與承建工程遍布全球60多個國家和地區。

本公司有著獨特的全產業鏈競爭優勢，公司在全球金屬礦業領域率先打通了從資源獲取、勘查、設計、施工、運營到流通、深加工的全產業鏈，形成了為金屬礦產企業提供系統性解決方案，和工程建設運營一體化全生命周期的服務能力。

公司金屬礦產資源儲量豐富，在國內外擁有一批世界級優質礦山。在冶金工業建設領域，公司積累了貫穿各環節的核心技術優勢和設計施工能力，承擔了中國大中型鋼鐵企業超過90%的設計施工任務和全球60%冶金建設任務，是冶金建設的“國家隊”。公司擁有遍布全球的貿易流通網絡，全球采購、全球營銷，金屬礦產品流通規模穩居國內第一。

Passage 2

本美術館以收藏、研究、展示中國近現代至當代藝術家作品為重點的國家藝術博物館，是新中國成立以后的國家文化標志性建筑。主體大樓為仿古閣樓式，黃色琉璃瓦大屋頂，四周廊榭圍繞，具有鮮明的民族建筑風格。主樓建筑面積18000多平方米 ，共有17個展覽廳，展覽總面積8300平方米。

中國美術館現收藏各類美術作品10萬余件，以19世紀末至今中國藝術名家和各時期代表作品為主，兼有部分古代書畫和外國藝術作品，同時也包括豐富的民間美術作品。

建館以來，中國美術館已舉辦數千場具有影響的各類美術展覽，反映了中國美術繁榮發展的態勢，也成為中國與國際藝術交流的重要平臺。

中國美術館也注重通過網站及“數字美術館”項目建設延展公眾服務內容和手段，網站3次改版，建成10多個美術數據庫，日益成為美術信息發布、檢索與共享平臺。

Passage 2

Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the planet could support life.

Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists’ thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life.

The discovery was made when scientists developed a new technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft.

They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form. only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet’s equatorial region. The slopes appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated.

Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide. But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinizeindividual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.

ths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.

Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.

Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.

In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.

The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.

Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life” of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services” that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.

Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal.

Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.

高原黃金城”之稱。

天柱縣總面積2201平方公里，轄16個鄉鎮，326個行政村，總人口41萬余人，以侗、苗族為主的少數民族人口占98.3%。是貴州省少數民族比例最多的縣份之一。

天柱蘊藏著豐富的自然資源。氣候溫和，土壤肥沃，是貴州重要糧食生產基地，享有“黔東糧倉”的美譽。當地年產煙葉2.6萬擔(一擔=50公斤)，是中國煙葉主產區。這里林業資源豐富，森林面積達185萬畝(一畝=1/15公頃)，覆蓋率達56%，是貴州十大林業基地縣之一。重晶石、黃金、煤等礦產資源也十分豐富。

天柱乘西部大開發的東風，迅速崛起。全縣國民經濟穩步發展，綜合實力日益增長，人民生活水平在不斷提高，產業結構調整日趨優化，基礎設施建設得以加強，城鎮面貌日新月異。“生態環境優美，文化教育優越，綜合服務優化，人居條件優良，經濟充滿活力”的新天柱呈現在世人面前。

012

ELISABETH ROSENTHAL

NARSAQ, Greenland — As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away,this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.

Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.

As a result, the population here, one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.

Andrew Testa for The New York Times

“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”

But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.

Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.

One of the world’s largest deposits of rare earth metals — essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq.

This could be momentous for Greenland, which has long relied on half a billion dollars a year in welfare payments from Denmark, its parent state. Mining profits could help Greenland become economically self sufficient and render it the first sovereign nation created by global warming.

“One of our goals is to obtain independence,” said Vittus Qujaukitsoq, a prominent labor union leader.

But the rapid transition from a society of individual fishermen and hunters to an economy supported by corporate mining raises difficult questions. How would Greenland’s insular settlements tolerate an influx of thousands of Polish or Chinese construction workers, as has been proposed? Will mining despoil a natural environment essential to Greenland’s national identity — the whales and seals, the silent icy fjords, and mythic polar bears? Can fisherman reinvent themselves as miners?

“I think mining will be the future, but this is a difficult phase,” said Jens B. Frederiksen, Greenland’s housing and infrastructure minister and a deputy premier. “It’s a plan that not everyone wants. It’s about traditions, the freedom of a boat, family professions.”

The Arctic is warming even faster than other parts of the planet, and the rapidly melting ice is causing alarm among scientists about sea-level rise. In northeastern Greenland, average yearly temperature have risen 4.5 degrees in the past 15 years, and scientists predict the area could warm by 14 to 21 degrees by the end of the century.

Already, winter pack ice that covers the fjords is no longer stable enough for dog sledding and snowmobile traffic in many areas. Winter fishing, essential to feeding families, is becoming hazardous or impossible.

It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.

But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.

Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with managing the boom, currently has 150 active licenses for mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent $100 million exploring Greenland’s deposits last year, and several are applying for licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zinc and rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.

“For me, I wouldn’t mind if the whole ice cap disappears,” said Ole Christiansen, the chief executive of NunamMinerals, Greenland’s largest homegrown mining company, as he picked his way along a proposed gold mining site up the fjord from Nuuk, Greenland’s capital. “As it melts, we’re seeing new places with very attractive geology.”

The Black Angel lead and zinc mine, which closed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Jorgen T. Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licensing at the country’s mining bureau, “because the ice is in retreat and you’re getting much more to explore.”

The Greenlandic government hopes that mining will provide new revenue. In granting Greenland home rule in 2009, Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which is scheduled to be decreased further in the coming years.

Here in Narsaq, a collection of brightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companies are applying to the government for permission to mine.

“This is huge; we could be mining this for the next 100 years,” said Eric Sondergaard, a geologist with the Australian-owned company Greenland Minerals and Energy, who was on the outskirts of Narsaq one day recently, picking at rocks on a moon-like plateau rich with an estimated 10.5 million tons of rare earth ore.

That proximity promises employment, and the company is already schooling some young men in drilling and in English, the international language of mine operations. It plans to build a processing plant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside of settled areas.) Narsaq’s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure from lack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplating converting an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.

“There will be a lot of people coming from outside and that will be a big challenge since Greenlandic culture has been isolated,” said Jasper Schroder, a student home in Narsaq from university in Denmark.

Still, he supports the mine and hopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly among his peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “People in this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’t contribute,” he said.

But not all are convinced of the benefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the local economy and will help Greenland, but I’m not so sure if it will be good for us,” said Dorothea Rodgaard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss of nature.”

letters usually stand for Uniform. Resource Locator—the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet. But in the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later.

This pretty much describes the strategy of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worrying about profits. That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their ability to make money from the audiences they have put together.

And the issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form. of advertising in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the search results it serves up.

Without such a formula, runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never amount to much. Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps. The first is that people logged into social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads. The second is that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity, obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.

The broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging. One reason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale. Facebook&39;s audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever existed on the face of the earth. Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks&39; ability to target ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users&39; ages, gender, interests and so forth. Although there are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that the networks&39; advertising proposition has become more compelling.

In addition to advertising-driven business model, networks are already making healthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods. The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing virtual inventory is minimal. Moreover, because these are closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generate fat margins. To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem bizarre. But the practice replicates the physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in the real world.

at in Europe. What we can call the "first wave" of food safety measures came with the pasteurization of milk and milk products and the introduction of rigid and effective hygiene systems in the production chain, mainly from the dairy and the abattoir to the supermarket. //

The "second wave" of food safety measures came with the widespread introduction of HACCP, the hazard control system for the production chain.

Yet, since the early 1980s, we have seen a marked increase in the reports of food-borne diseases, resulting from chemical or pathogenic contamination. //

The number of confirmed cases of human disease caused by Salmonella has increased significantly since 1985—as much as five-fold in some European countries. For Campylobacter the increase has in some countries been even higher. Even though some of this could reflect better reporting, I believe everybody would agree that these problems are of a size that warrants action. //

This situation, and associated loss of public confidence, suggests that something has gone wrong. We need a "third wave" of food safety measures.

This third wave must be a focus on the direct risk to humans. We need to begin with the epidemiology of food-borne diseases and track them back through the food chain, all the way to the farm. This represents a tremendous challenge for the governments of Europe. //

It means building up the capacity—and making effective use of expertise in assessing risks to human health. It means building up capacity for epidemiological tracking and mapping of food-related diseases, something that until now has held a rather low priority among most health authorities. It means improving our data collection efforts for both the pathogens in the food and human disease, so that the data are comparable both along the whole food chain and between regions and countries. We always have to remember that food chains are international. //

And it will mean that officials concerned with agricultural productivity, and officials responsible for the health of populations, work together. Not only must they communicate. They must collaborate closely so that they can quickly trace back each incident of suspected food-borne disease to its source, analyze the size and geography of the problem and suggest both short and long term remedial measures. //

This all calls for political action. People—both as consumers and producers—expect their government officials to work together for the common good. They demand this of those who represent them in government. Not only do they expect their politicians to make sure that government works in the primary interests of those who consume food: they also expect politicians to take action based on expert evidence. This calls for political courage, and for openness in government processes, so that risk assessment and analysis are transparent and available for public scrutiny. Only then can public health be maintained, and—at the same time—consumer confidence be restored. //

This will mean a restructuring of agricultural ministries so that they move beyond a primary focus on economic issues. They need to represent the interests of the whole community— producers, processors and consumers. This kind of transformation will make for a healthier base for the future of the industry: this is already taking place in several European countries.

The current efforts of the European Commission to strengthen and focus the scientific advice for food safety are an important contribution to the reforms already taking place in several countries. //

It will also mean that ministries of health have to take interest in, and give priority to, action to monitor and prevent food-borne illness. They would need

潑水節

傣族的潑水節是在四月十三至十五號，這三天也是他們族的新年節日。傣族的節慶活動一共分三個層次，一天一個花樣兒。第一天，大家清掃各家房屋，清理四周環境。第二天，人們傾巢而出，涌向各個大街小巷，用或鍋或桶，盛滿水，互相潑水嬉鬧。傣族人認為這些純水能為他們帶來好運。最后一天，人們便劃龍舟，放高升，不亦樂乎。

關于潑水節的來歷，民間流傳著一個故事。很久很久以前，一個魔王覬覦景洪這塊肥沃多產的土地，便霸占了該地，還強迫七位美麗的傣族姑娘做他的“夫人”。當地老百姓恨透了它，這些姑娘們也想盡辦法要除掉它。

一天，“七夫人”想了個主意。她用美酒灌醉他，甜言蜜語地奉承他，終于套出了他的死穴：原來只有用這魔頭自己的一縷頭發勒住他的脖子，才能將其置于死地。

很快魔王就醉醺醺地睡去了。七姑娘便如法炮制，勒住魔頭的脖子，魔王的頭果然就骨溜溜滾到了地上。這個魔頭本是個火魔，所以它頭滾到哪兒，哪兒就燃起熊熊大火。七位“夫人”和眾人一起奮力朝火上潑水，最終火熄滅了。以后幾百年里，傣族人民每年都要歡慶斬除妖魔，慶祝“潑水節”。